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Puerto Ricans in World War I
Puerto Ricans and people of Puerto Rican descent have participated as members of the United States Armed Forces in every conflict in which the United States has been involved since World War I. One of the consequences of the Spanish–American War was that Puerto Rico was annexed by the United States in accordance to the terms of the Treaty of Paris of 1898, ratified on December 10, 1898. On January 15, 1899, the military government changed the name of Puerto Rico to Porto Rico (On May 17, 1932, U.S. Congress changed the name back to "Puerto Rico"). On March 21, 1915, the first shots by the United States in World War I were fired by the Porto Rico Regiment of Infantry from El Morro Castle at a German ship in San Juan Bay. U.S. Citizenship was imposed upon Puerto Ricans as a result of the 1917 Jones–Shafroth Act (the Puerto Rican House of Delegates rejected US citizenship) and were expected to serve in the military.〔(Puerto Rico: Culture, Politics, and Identity; By Nancy Morris )〕 Puerto Ricans who resided in the island were assigned to the "Porto Rico Provisional Regiment of Infantry," organized on June 30, 1901. The United States implemented the policy of military segregated units in Puerto Rico. Puerto Ricans of African descent where assigned to units made up only of blacks, such as the 375th Regiment.〔(Militias )〕 Those who resided in the mainland served in regular units of one of the following branches of the United States military, the United States Marine Corps, Army or the Navy. As such, they were assigned to regular military units; however, Puerto Ricans of African descent were assigned to segregated all-black units and were subject to the discrimination which was rampant in the U.S. in those days.〔(A CHRONOLOGY OF AFRICAN AMERICAN MILITARY SERVICE From WWI through WWII )〕
It is estimated that 236,000 Puerto Ricans in the island registered for the World War I draft and that 18,000 served in the war.〔(Puerto Rico National Guard )〕 It is, however, impossible to determine the exact number of Puerto Ricans who resided in the United States mainland served and perished in the war because the War Department did not keep statistics in regard to the ethnicity of its members.
==Puerto Rican military service==
Puerto Ricans fought and defended their homeland against attacks from the Caribs and pirates. They fought against the invasions of foreign countries and defeated the British, French, and Dutch in doing so.〔''Historias de Puerto Rico'' by Paul G. Miller, (1947) pgs. 221–237〕 They fought alongside General Bernardo de Gálvez during the American Revolutionary War in the battles of Baton Rouge, Mobile, Pensacola and St. Louis,〔''Bernardo De Galvez: Hero of the American Revolution'' by Lorenzo G. Lafarelle, p. 57 Pub. Eakin Press and Marion Koogler McNay (1992), ISBN 0-89015-849-5〕 and in Europe against the forces of Napoleon Bonaparte at the Siege of Saragossa.〔
In the 19th Century, Puerto Ricans fought against the Spanish Empire. They fought for Mexico's independence and in the Latin American revolutions alongside Simón Bolívar.〔''General Antonio Valero de Bernabe y su aventura de libertad: De Puerto Rico a San Sebastian'' by Lucas G. Castillo Lara (1991) Pub. Academia Nacional de Historia, ISBN 980-222-616-5〕 In Puerto Rico they revolted against Spanish rule and fought for Puerto Rico's independence in "El Grito de Lares" and in the "Intentona de Yauco." They also fought for Cuba's independence in the Ten Years' War alongside General Máximo Gómez and as members of the Cuban Liberation Army alongside Jose Marti.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Francisco Marin )〕 At the end of the 19th century, Puerto Ricans fought alongside their Spanish counterparts in the Spanish–American War against the United States in the Battle of San Juan Hill in Cuba and in Puerto Rico when the American military forces invaded the island in what is known as the Puerto Rican Campaign〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=1898 - Adjuntas en la Guerra Hispanoamericana )〕 and against the "Tagalos" during the Philippine Revolution.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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